Basic Knowledge about the Computer and Internet Networking

Basic Knowledge about the Computer and Internet/Networking

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What is (Computer) Networking?

In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.

Area Networks

Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs) , for example, typically span a single home, school, or small office building, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN.

Microsoft word /Windows shortcut keys

Basic Computer Navigation Guide: Navigating Windows
Questions and Answers

1.  How do you open a program such as a Microsoft Word when there are no icons on the desktop?
- Click the start button and select program from the menu

2. How do you minimize or maximize a program in Windows?
- Top right corner, dash or square

3. How do you close a window on your desktop?
-Use the mouse to press the button with the "X" in it at the top right corner of the screen

4. A word processing file can be attached to an e-mail message
- True

5. The "Reply to All" e-mail function generates a reply message to:
--all of the recipients of the message

6. Which of the following is an example of an e-mail address?
-Recruitment@infinit-o.com

7. The 2 of the biggest websites that offer free e-mail service are:
-Gmail and Yahoo mail

8. "Desktop" is a computer term that refers to?
A desktop may refer to any of the following:
- A desktop is a term commonly used to describe a desktop computer or system unit.
- When referring to an operating system or GUI (graphical user interface), the desktop is a system of organization of icons on a screen. The Microsoft Windows desktop was first introduced with Microsoft Windows 95 and included with every version of Windows since then. The image below is an example of the Microsoft Windows 7 desktop.

9. Which of the following is a word processing program?
-Microsoft Word

10. Choose the answer that contains all of the home keys.
-Asdfjkl;
The middle row or home row keys are the row of keys on the computer keyboard your fingers rest on when not typing. For example, on the standard QWERTY United States keyboard, the home row keys for your left hand are A, S, D, and F and your right hand are J, K, l, and ; (semicolon). For both hands, the thumbs rest on the spacebar. By positioning your hands correctly on the home row keys, you can memorize where all other keys on the keyboard are located.
 
11. How do you get to the start menu?
- Click on the circular button on the lower left hand corner of the desktop

12. What is the C: drive?
- Hard drive, contains all the information used by the computer

13. A monitor is an:
- Output Device

14.  A deleted file goes to the:
-Recycle Bin
Deleted files are not gone forever. When a file is deleted, it is sent to the Recycle Bin. The Recycle Bin can be found on the Desktop. Its icon resembles a recycle bin or trash can, and the icon changes depending on whether the Recycle Bin contains any files.

15. What keys do you use to move the curser around your text?
-Arrow Keys

16. What keys do you use to select or highlight part of the text?
-Shift + arrow keys
If you want to highlight a whole line of text, move your cursor to the start of the line, hold the Shift key, and then press the Down arrow . You may also use the shortcut key combination Shift + End . Tip: If you want to highlight all text, press the shortcut key Ctrl +

17. What keys do you use to copy and paste a text to another file:
-Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V
Select the text you want to copy and press Ctrl+C.
Place your cursor where you want to paste the copied text and press Ctrl+V.

18. What keys do you use to make the text bold?
-Ctrl + B

19. What keys do you use to cut text or pictures?
-Ctrl + X

20. What key do you use to check the spelling?
-F7
Here's a quick tip to run a spell check using the only the keyboard. Just hit Alt + F7 on your keyboard and it will start with the first misspelled word. If the first highlighted word at the top of the list is correct, just hit Enter.

21. What keys do you use to exit word?
-Alt + F4
Alt+F4 is the Windows operating system command for quit application performed by pressing the "alt" key and the "F4" key simutaneously.

22. What keys do you use to save?
-Ctrl + S

23. How do you change file names?
-Double-click the file name and change
There are many ways to rename a file in Windows. The easiest way is by right-clicking on the file and selecting Rename. You can then type a new name for your file and press enter to finish renaming it. A quicker way to rename a file is by first selecting it by left clicking on it, then pressing the F2 key.

22. How do you turn off the computer?
-Click the "Start Menu" Button then Shut Down

Useful Keyboard Shortcuts
Open a recently closed tab in your internet broswer: Ctrl + Shift "T"
Switch between open windows: Alt + Tab
Minimize everything and show desktop: (or between the desktop and Start screen in Windows 8.1): Windows Key + "D"
Minimize window: Windows Key + Down Arrow
Maximize window: Windows Key + Up Arrow
Bold: Ctrl + "B"
Paste selected Item: Ctrl + "V"
Copy selected Item: Ctrl + "C"
Cut selected Item: Ctrl + "X"
Underline: Ctrl + "U"
Italicize: Ctrl + "I"
Undo an action: Ctrl + "Z"
Print: Ctrl + "P"
Select all: Ctrl + "A"
Take screenshot: PrtScr
Take screenshot of active screen: Ctrl + Alt + PrtScr
Delete permanently: Shift + Delete
Open properties for selected item: Alt + Enter
Close current window: Alt + F4
Open the Start Menu: Ctrl + Esc
Flip screen rotation: Ctrl + Alt + any arrow key
Open Task Manager: Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Lock your PC or switch users: Windows Key + "L"
Choose a presentation display mode: Windows Key + "P"
Zoom in and out: Windows Key and plus or minus sign
Search for files and folders: Windows Key + "F"
Help: Windows Key + "F1"
Quick system access menu: Windows Key + "X"

View more shortcuts on Microsoft's Page:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/keyboard-shortcuts-in-windows-dcc61a57-8ff0-cffe-9796-cb9706c75eec#keyboard-shortcuts=windows-7

Common Computer Abbreviations

Following are some of the numerous computer abbreviations in use today.

Operating Systems and Data Storage

BIOS - This is the Basic Input Output System which controls the computer, telling it what operations to perform. These instructions are on a chip that connects to the motherboard.

BYTE - A byte is a storage unit for data.

"K" is a Kilobyte which is 1024 bytes.

"MB" is a Megabyte which is a million bytes.

"GB" is a Gigabyte, which equals 1000 megabytes.

CPU - This stands for the Central Processing Unit of the computer. This is like the computer’s brain.

MAC - This is an abbreviation for Macintosh, which is a type of personal computer made by the Apple Computer company.

OS - This is the Operating System of the computer. It is the main program that runs on a computer and begins automatically when the computer is turned on.

PC - This is the abbreviation for personal computer. It refers to computers that are IBM compatible.

PDF - This represents the Portable Document Format which displays files in a format that is ready for the web.

RAM - This stands for Random Access Memory which is the space inside the computer that can be accessed at one time. If you increase the amount of RAM, then you will increase the computer’s speed. This is because more of a particular program is able to be loaded at one time.

ROM - This is Read Only Memory which is the instruction for the computer and can not be altered.

VGA - The Video Graphics Array is a system for displaying graphics. It was developed by IBM.

WYSIWYG - This initialism stands for What You See Is What You Get. It is pronounced "wizziwig" and basically means that the printer will print what you see on your monitor.

Connecting to the Internet

FTP - This is a service called File Transport Protocol which moves a file between computers using the Internet.

HTML - HyperText Markup Language formats information so it can be transported on the Internet.

HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a set of instructions for the software that controls the movement of files on the Internet.

IP - This stands for Internet Protocol which is the set of rules that govern the systems connected to the Internet. IP Address is a digital code specific to each computer that is hooked up to the Internet.

ISP - The Internet Service Provider is the company which provides Internet service so you can connect your computer to the Internet.

LAN - This stands for Local Area Network which is the servers that your computer connects to in your geographic area.

PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol is the set of rules that allow your computer to use the Internet protocols using a phone line and modem.

URL - This is the Universal Resource Locator which is a path to a certain file on the World Wide Web.

USB - The Universal Serial Bus is used for communications between certain devices. It can connect keyboards, cameras, printers, mice, flash drives, and other devices. Its use has expanded from personal computers to PDAs, smartphones, and video games, and is used as a power cord to connect devices to a wall outlet to charge them.

VR - Virtual Reality simulates a three-dimensional scene on the computer and has the capability of interaction. This is widely used in gaming.

VRML - Virtual Reality Mark-up Language allows the display of 3D images.

Sample Computer Exam

Computer Technology

Read each question carefully prior to answering. Some questions may require multiple answers. Those questions will be designated with a statement at the end of the question as such: (Select all that apply)

1. Software is defined as the non-physical part of a complete computer system.

A. True

B. False

2. Modem is an acronym for Modulate and Demodulate.

A. True

B. false

3. Windows XP is an example of a (an)?

A. Software application

B. Modem

C. Hardware application

D. Operating System

4. Hardware is defined as the non-physical part of a complete computer system.

A. True

B. false

5. An example of a browser is?

A. word

B. Outlook Express

C. Windows XP

D. Internet Explorer

E. Explorer

6. Device drivers are?

A. Little cars that move the electrons around the computer

B. Small programs that control a particular piece of hardware

C. A program that allows the user to perform various tasks within a Microsoft application

D. None of the above

7. A kilobyte is [ giga ] bytes.

8. From the list below, select the largest storage location.

A. Byte

B. Bit

C. Terabyte

D. Kilobyte

E. Megabyte

9.  A Firewall is designed to protect a computer from?

A. unauthorized access by another computer

B. hot components that may cause a fire

C. SPAM entering the email

D. all of the above

10. A computer virus is a program that causes damage to a computer system’s hardware

A. True

B. False

Networking Technology

Read each question carefully prior to answering. Some questions may require multiple answers. Those questions will be designated with a statement at the end of the question as such: (Select all that apply)

1. Highlighted text that links you to another website is called a …?

A. Hyperlink

B. Hypertext Markup Language

C. Word Wrap

D. There is no term for this type of text

2. The cord or cable between the computer system and the network is referred to as a (n)? (Select all that apply)

A. Ethernet.cord

B. Cat-Cable

C. Coaxial Cable

D. RJ-45

3. IP addresses can be issued in how many different ways?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 10

4. TCT/IP is a (n)?

A. Communication software package

B. The initials of the standardizing committee that create the internet

C. abbreviation for Transistor Controlled Protocol / Internet Protocol

D. Suite of protocols that allow for communication

5. When two or more computers can communicate together, you have a [internet]

6. The proper format for an email address is?

A. User.company.com

B. User/company.com

C. User.company.com

D. User@company.com

7. A network Interface Card (NIC) is used to connect sections of the computer system together.

A. True

B. False

8. An active Modem is needed to connect to the internet

A. True

B. False

9. An extension on a web address that tells what type of group owns the website is called a domain.

A. True

B. False

10. The term that refers to “checking out” websites on the Internet is called?

A. Cruising

B. Checking out

C. Surfing

D. Gaming